Social Acceptance of Hydrogen in the Norwegian Maritime Sector: Challenges and Experiences from an Industrial Perspective

Abstract

Studying social acceptance is vital in order for new innovations to succeed. This study investigates the social acceptance viewed from the perspective of individuals already integrated in the transition towards hydrogen as a zero-energy emission carrier in the Norwegian maritime sector. Currently, feasibility studies of hydrogen-based maritime vessels are plentiful, yet there is a clear lack of studies related to social acceptance. Through extensive literature review, document analysis and interviews this report discovers the thoughts of five individuals with close ties to hydrogen in Norway, such as politicians and employees working with hydrogen production. Furthermore, this study links findings towards theory regarding social acceptance as proposed by Wüstenhagen et al. (2007) and Sovacool and Ratan (2012) in order to explore the current potential for success. The results indicate an overall positivity towards this technology, yet the interview subjects pose concerns that cannot be ignored, such as lack of funding, fear of safety, sufficient supply and demand, lack of political frame work and overall social acceptance of the technology. Thus the results indicate areas where actions are needed to improve social acceptance of this technology when looking at the factors proposed by Wüstenhagen et al. (2007) and Sovacool and Ratan (2012). Despite needing improvement in some areas, Norway seems to be on a good path towards implementing this technology, if, proposed and planned measures are instigated and advanced. The country is at a make or break point, where failure to improve aspects such as funding and political frame work, will likely reduce overall social acceptance which in turn will lead to the demise of this technology.