Use of Antidepressants in Older People during a 10-Year Period: An Observational Study on Prescribed Doses and Serum Levels
Tveit, Kristine; Hermann, Monica; Waade, Ragnhild Birkeland; Nilsen, Roy Miodini; Wallerstedt, Susanna M.; Molden, Espen
Peer reviewed, Journal article
Published version
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https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2716981Utgivelsesdato
2020Metadata
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Originalversjon
Tveit, K., Hermann, M., Waade, R. B., Nilsen, R. M., Wallerstedt, S. M., & Molden, E. (2020). Use of antidepressants in older people during a 10-year period: An observational study on prescribed doses and serum levels. Drugs & Aging, 37(9), 691–701. 10.1007/s40266-020-00784-9Sammendrag
Background
According to previous studies, older patients frequently have serum concentrations of antidepressant medication above the recommended reference range.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether prescribed doses of antidepressants and the proportion of individuals with serum concentrations above the recommended reference range in older individuals (≥ 65 years) have changed over a 10-year period in Norway.
Methods
Serum concentration measurements and prescribed daily doses of antidepressants in 2007 and 2017 were extracted from a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) database at the Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The database contains routine follow-up serum concentration measurements of psychotropic drugs for patients from all parts of the country. For citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline, mirtazapine and venlafaxine, the differences between 2007 and 2017 in mean prescribed doses and the proportion of patients with at least one serum concentration above the reference range, according to the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) guidelines, were compared. For the proportion of patients with serum concentrations above the recommended reference range, differences between individuals aged 65–79 and ≥ 80 years were also examined.
Results
The analyses of prescribed doses included 806 patients from 2007 and 1932 patients from 2017, with 972 and 2441 TDM samples, respectively. Between 2007 and 2017, modest reductions in prescribed daily doses were observed for citalopram (20 vs. 17 mg/day) and escitalopram (11 vs. 10 mg/day), but the proportion of patients with serum concentrations above the recommended reference range was unchanged for both drugs, i.e. 11.5% vs. 12.4% for citalopram and 3.6% vs. 2.9% for escitalopram. For mirtazapine and venlafaxine, prescribed doses were reduced from 28 to 25 mg/day and 150 to 125 mg/day, respectively. A significant reduction in the proportion of individuals with serum concentrations above the recommended reference range was observed for mirtazapine (27.1% vs. 11.5%) and for individuals aged ≥ 80 years using venlafaxine (60.0% vs. 30.0%). For sertraline, no differences in prescribed doses or serum concentrations above the recommended reference range were observed.
Conclusions
Over a 10-year period, prescribed doses of antidepressants have been slightly reduced in older Norwegian patients, but a considerable proportion is still exposed to high serum concentrations of antidepressants.