Miljøterapiens bakgrunn, retninger og utfordringer: En litteraturoversikt

Abstract

This article gives an overview of published professional- and research literature on milieu therapy for adults in psychiatric hospitals. The review showed a complex and extensive amount of literature which we have clustered into four different milieu therapeutic models and foundations: The humanistic and democratic milieu therapy The psychodynamic milieu therapyThe behaviouristic and cognitive milieu therapy and The psychiatric-medical milieu therapy. However, the literature review showed very little research on milieu therapy, and therefore the article refers to only a few examples of research rooted in different milieu therapeutic models. The article discusses what is seen as a misfit between milieu therapy based on collective principles and today's emphasis on individual based therapeutic treatment programs. Secondly, the possibility for nurses to shape a milieu therapy based on psychiatric nurses' professional principles and field of responsibility when working in a psychiatric medical driven hospital structure, is discussed. In conclusion, nurses are challenged to do further research in order to develop a research based milieu therapy and to study the value of milieu therapy for psychiatric in-patients..