On the Integration of Circular Economy Concepts in Local Energy System

Abstract

This master's thesis explores the integration of Circular Economy (CE) principles into the local energy system of Vestland, Norway, with a focus on Waste-to-Energy (WtE) pathways to address environmental challenges posed by increasing waste volumes. It begins with a comprehensive literature review on CE principles, circularity in waste management, and current energy system models. Various WtE technologies, including incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, and anaerobic digestion, are evaluated for their potential in energy recovery and environmental impact.

The research develops two scenarios—the Base Scenario and the Fit-to-55-95 Scenario—to assess the role of WtE technologies in reducing CO2 emissions and transforming the local energy landscape. Using the TIMES optimization model, the study simulates various energy scenarios specific to Vestland, incorporating data on waste generation, energy consumption, and policy frameworks. The results indicate that adopting CE strategies in waste management can significantly reduce CO2 emissions, optimize energy use, and decrease reliance on landfills.

The study identifies key incentives necessary for the widespread adoption of WtE technologies, such as financial subsidies, regulatory frameworks, carbon pricing mechanisms, and public-private partnerships. These incentives are essential for overcoming economic barriers and integrating WtE solutions into Vestland's waste management and energy systems. The findings emphasize the crucial role of WtE technologies in achieving emission reduction targets, with potential for replacing fossil fuels and contributing to a cleaner energy mix.

In conclusion, strategic investments in WtE technologies are essential for Vestland's sustainable energy future. By utilizing waste as a resource, the region can significantly reduce its carbon footprint, enhance resource efficiency, and promote CE goals. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop a resilient and sustainable waste management strategy, contributing to broader discussions on urban and regional sustainable development.