| dc.description.abstract | Throughout the world, cases of student indiscipline have increased in intensity and prevalence, Pupils rebellion against establishment authority has occurred in every country with significant increase and intensity (Otieno ,2004).Though conventional elementary school concept of discipline is based on obedience, yet many parents and teachers for instance in Zambia, see punishment as part of discipline. School administrators, teachers and parents have a responsibility in the school to mold and account for the behavior of learners to meet the expectations of the society. In Norway the Ministry of Education and Research recognizes guidance and counseling as methods of managing pupil discipline in schools, which involves teachers, school administrators and parents. It is this regard that this research was conducted based on the theory by Freire (2003) in his “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”, he stated that if learners are allowed to express themselves freely and not regarded as “empty accounts” by their teachers, then such students are likely to participate vigorously in dialogue as a process of learning and knowing; and hence such a dialogical virtue is manifested later in adulthood for a healthy society.
The data collected in this research was critically analyzed and interpreted using qualitative methods. According to Flick (2011:12), data collected through qualitative method is rich in content, summarized and categorized into similar answers that constitute a step in any project. A qualitative research is more in-depth and holistic than quantitative, generating rich material on which to base the findings of a piece of research. Furthermore, (Polit and Beck 2010) define qualitative research as a term used to describe research that is focused primarily on human experience through exploring attitudes, beliefs, values and experiences.
The results show that the method of using guidance and counselling as well as good teacher- pupil relationship in maintaining and managing pupil discipline (behavior) has been effective in the two schools studied other than using physical punishment. | nb_NO |
