• Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development 

      Mishra, Anu; Zhou, Bin; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Singleton, Rosie K.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Sheffer, Kate E.; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Bennett, James E.; Lhoste, Victor; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Bentham, James; Phelps, Nowell H.; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Danaei, Goodarz; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Riley, Leanne M.; Gregg, Edward W.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Baker, Jennifer L.; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fink, Günther; Heinen, Mirjam; Ikeda, Nayu; Kengne, Andre P.; Khang, Young-Ho; Laatikainen, Tiina; Laxmaiah, Avula; Ma, Jun; Monroy-Valle, Michele; Mridha, Malay K.; Padez, Cristina P.; Reynolds, Andrew; Sorić, Maroje; Starc, Gregor; Wirth, James P.; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Abdul Rahim, Hanan F.; Abdurrahmonova, Zulfiya; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adam, Ishag; Adamczyk, Marzena; Adams, Robert J.; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agbor, Valirie N.; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguenaou, Hassan; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmadi, Nastaran; Ahmed, Imran; Hassan Ahmed, Soheir; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Lahou, Badreya; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Al Hourani, Huda M.; Al Qaoud, Nawal M.; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Aldwairji, Maryam A.; Alexius, Sylvia; Ali, Mohamed M.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala’a; Alkhatib, Buthaina M.; Allin, Kristine; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Etxezarreta, Pilar Amiano; Amoah, John; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Androutsos, Odysseas; Ängquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Anufrieva, Elena; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araújo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna Kumar; Aseffa, Nega; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assembekov, Batyrbek; Assunção, Maria Cecília F.; Aung, May Soe; Auvinen, Juha; Avdičová, Mária; Avi, Shina; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Azmin, Mehrdad; Babu, Bontha V.; Jørgensen, Maja Bæksgaard; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Bakacs, Marta; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Balanova, Yulia; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Banegas, José R.; Baran, Joanna; Baran, Rafał; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Filho, Valter Barbosa; Barceló, Alberto; Baretić, Maja; Barkat, Amina; Barnoya, Joaquin; Barrera, Lena; Barreto, Marta; Barros, Aluisio J. D.; Barros, Mauro Virgílio Gomes; Bartosiewicz, Anna; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz D.; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M.; Batista, Aline P.; Batista, Rosangela L.; Battakova, Zhamilya; Baur, Louise A.; Bayauli, Pascal M.; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel-Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Rolandi, Gilda Estela Benitez; Bere, Elling Tufte; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Berhane, Yemane; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Carrasola, Ximena Berrios; Bettiol, Heloísa; Beutel, Manfred E.; Beybey, Augustin F.; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Biasch, Katia; Lele, Elysée Claude Bika; Bikbov, Mukharram M.; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J.; Bjerregaard, Anne A.; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Björkelund, Cecilia; Bloch, Katia V.; Blokstra, Anneke; Magnazu, Moran Blychfeld; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Boer, Jolanda M. A.; Boggia, Jose G.; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P.; Bojesen, Stig E.; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla-Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghs, Herman; Bovet, Pascal; Boymatova, Khadichamo; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, João; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M.; Brian, Garry R.; Briceño, Yajaira; Brinduse, Lacramioara; Brito, Miguel; Brophy, Sinead; Brug, Johannes; Bruno, Graziella; Bugge, Anna; Buntinx, Frank; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; de León, Antonio Cabrera; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Cai, Hui; Caixeta, Roberta B.; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, José; Can, Günay; Cândido, Ana Paula C.; Cañete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario V.; Čapková, Naděžda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Rocco; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Carlsson, Axel C.; Carmuega, Esteban; Carvalho, Joana; Casajús, José A.; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Casas, Maribel; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cervantes‐Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A.; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique; Chan, Queenie; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul; Chee, Miao Li; Chen, Chien-Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheng, Yiling J.; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina; Chinapaw, Mai J. M.; Chinnock, Anne; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Cho, Belong; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G.; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Cirillo, Massimo; Claessens, Frank; Clarke, Janine; Clays, Els; Cohen, Emmanuel; Compañ-Gabucio, Laura-María; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C.; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C.; Corpeleijn, Eva; Cortés, Lilia Yadira; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Cross, Amanda J.; Crujeiras, Ana B.; Cruz, Juan J.; Csányi, Tamás; Csilla, Semánová; Cucu, Alexandra M.; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe V.; Cuschieri, Sarah; Czenczek-Lewandowska, Ewelina; D’Arrigo, Graziella; d’Orsi, Eleonora; Dacica, Liliana; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Damsgaard, Camilla T.; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M.; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; Davletov, Kairat; de Assis, Maria Alice Altenburg; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; De Curtis, Amalia; de Fragas Hinnig, Patrícia; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar; de Oliveira, Paula Duarte; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R.; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D.; DeGennaro, Vincent; Delisle, Hélène; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Dereń, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valérie; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Díaz-Sánchez, María Elena; Diaz, Alejandro; Fernández, Pedro Díaz; Ripollés, María Pilar Díez; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T. P.; Dobson, Annette J.; Dominguez, Liria; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Dong, Guanghui; Dong, Yanhui; Donoso, Silvana P.; Döring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Doua, Kouamelan; Dragano, Nico; Drygas, Wojciech; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A.; Duboz, Priscilla; Duleva, Vesselka L.; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C.; Dushpanova, Anar; Dyussupova, Azhar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Echeverría, Guadalupe; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El-Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ammari, Laila; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise; Eliasen, Marie; Elliott, Paul; Endevelt, Ronit; Engle-Stone, Reina; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Erbel, Raimund; Erem, Cihangir; Ergor, Gul; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G.; Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge; Eslami, Saeid; Esmaeili, Ali; Evans, Alun; Faeh, David; Fakhradiyev, Ildar; Fakhretdinova, Albina A.; Fall, Caroline H.; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Sant’Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Feigl, Edit; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.; Ferguson, Trevor S.; Fernandes, Romulo A.; Fernández-Bergés, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Gerson; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferreira, Haroldo S.; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiró, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fisberg, Mauro; Fischer, Krista; Foo, Leng Huat; Forsner, Maria; Fouad, Heba M.; Francis, Damian K.; do Carmo Franco, Maria; Fras, Zlatko; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D.; Fuchs, Sandra C.; Fujiati, Isti I.; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furdela, Viktoriya; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafencu, Mihai; Cuesta, Manuel Galán; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Gao, Pei; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli; Mérida, María José García; Solano, Marta García; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P.; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geiger, Harald; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; George, Ronnie; Ghaderi, Ebrahim; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Erfan; Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina; Gialluisi, Alessandro; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Gieger, Christian; Gill, Tiffany K.; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Glushkova, Natalya; Gluškova, Natalja; Godara, Ramesh; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldberg, Marcel; Goltzman, David; Gómez, Georgina; Gómez, Jesús Humberto Gómez; Gomez, Luis F.; Gómez, Santiago F.; Gomula, Aleksandra; da Silva, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro; Gonçalves, Helen; Gonçalves, Mauer; González-Alvarez, Ana D.; Gonzalez-Chica, David A.; González-Gil, Esther M.; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; González-Leon, Margot; González-Rivas, Juan P.; González-Villalpando, Clicerio; González-Villalpando, María-Elena; Gonzalez, Angel R.; Gottrand, Frederic; Graça, Antonio Pedro; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grafnetter, Dušan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Gregor, Ronald D.; Gregório, Maria João; Grøholt, Else Karin; Grøntved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gruden, Gabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Guajardo, Viviana; Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela; Guallar-Castillón, Pilar; Gualtieri, Andrea; Gudmundsson, Elias F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L.; Gulliford, Martin C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J.; Guo, Xiu-Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; González, Enrique Gutiérrez; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Gwee, Xinyi; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A.; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjær, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hanekom, Willem A.; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A. M.; Hantunen, Sari; Hao, Jie; Hardman, Carla Menêses; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Lassen, Tina Harmer; Harooni, Javad; Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Hayes, Alison J.; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Heidinger-Felső, Regina; Heier, Margit; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; dos Santos Henrique, Rafael; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera-Cuenca, Marianella; Herrera, Victor M.; Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle; Herzig, Karl-Heinz; Heshmat, Ramin; Hill, Allan G.; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C.; Hobbs, Michael; Höfelmann, Doroteia A.; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hopman, Wilma M.; Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R.; Hormiga, Claudia M.; Horta, Bernardo L.; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Htay, Thein Thein; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, José María; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Huiart, Laetitia; Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac; Huisman, Martijn; Husseini, Abdullatif; Huu, Chinh Nguyen; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Iakupova, Ellina M.; Ibarluzea, Jesús M.; Ibrahim, Mohsen M.; Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim; Ikram, M. Arfan; Iñiguez, Carmen; Iotova, Violeta; Irazola, Vilma E.; Ishida, Takafumi; Isiguzo, Godsent C.; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islek, Duygu; Ivanova-Pandourska, Ivaila Y.; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jääskeläinen, Tuija; Jackson, Rod T.; Jacobs, Jeremy M.; Jadoul, Michel; Jafar, Tazeen; Jallow, Bakary; James, Kenneth; Jamil, Kazi M.; Jamrozik, Konrad; Jansson, Anna; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelaković, Ana; Jelaković, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jimenez, Ramon O.; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Jokelainen, Jari J.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Jørgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Josipović, Josipa; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jóźwiak, Jacek J.; Judge, Debra S.; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Simina, Iulia Jurca; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaducu, Felix O.; Kafatos, Anthony; Kaj, Mónika; Kajantie, Eero Olavi; Kakutia, Natia; Kállayová, Daniela; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kampmann, Freja B.; Kanala, Kodanda R.; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Karaglani, Eva; Karakosta, Argyro; Kårhus, Line L.; Karki, Khem B.; Katchunga, Philippe B.; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.; Kaze, François F.; Ke, Calvin; Keil, Ulrich; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C. G.; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khaledifar, Arsalan; Khalili, Davood; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Sophia J.; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Kindblom, Jenny M.; Kingston, Andrew; Klakk, Heidi; Klimek, Magdalena; Klimont, Jeannette; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Koirala, Bhawesh; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; König, Jürgen; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Kovács, Éva; Kovacs, Viktoria Anna; Kovalskys, Irina; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratenova, Jana; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriaucioniene, Vilma; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krizan, Helena; Kroker-Lobos, Maria F.; Krokstad, Steinar; Kromhout, Daan; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kruger, Ruan; Kryst, Łukasz; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kunešová, Marie; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kutsenko, Vladimir; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; La, Quang Ngoc; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Lachat, Carl; Lackner, Karl J.; Laid, Youcef; Lall, Lachmie; Lam, Tai Hing; Jimenez, Maritza Landaeta; Landais, Edwige; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Larissa, Simo Pone; Latt, Tint Swe; Laurenzi, Martino; Lauria, Laura; Lazo-Porras, Maria; Le Coroller, Gwenaëlle; Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh; Le Port, Agnès; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lee, Paul H.; Lehmann, Nils; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Leskošek, Branimir; Leszczak, Justyna; Leth-Møller, Katja B.; Leung, Gabriel M.; Levitt, Naomi S.; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Charlie; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Lin, Yi-Ting; Lind, Lars; Lingam, Vijaya; Linkohr, Birgit; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lijuan; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Long, Khuong Quynh; Abril, Guadalupe Longo; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Marcus V. V.; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, José Eugenio; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigová, Michala; Łuszczki, Edyta; M’Buyamba-Kabangu, Jean-René; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Xu; Machado-Coelho, George L. L.; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Macia, Enguerran; Macieira, Luisa M.; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Madsen, Anja L.; Maestre, Gladys E.; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J.; Magnacca, Sara; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Mäki, Päivi; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia K.; Maniego, Lynell V.; Manios, Yannis; Manix, Masimango Imani; Mann, Jim I.; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manyanga, Taru; Manzato, Enzo; Marcil, Anie; Margozzini, Paula; Mariño, Joany; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Maruszczak, Katharina; Marventano, Stefano; Masala, Giovanna; Mascarenhas, Luis P.; Masoodi, Shariq R.; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matłosz, Piotr; Matsha, Tandi E.; Matsudo, Victor; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; McFarlane, Shelly R.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; McKee, Martin; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M.; McLean, Scott B.; McNairy, Margaret L.; McNulty, Breige A.; Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehdipour, Parinaz; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Meisinger, Christa; Melgarejo, Jesus D.; Melkumova, Marina; Mello, João; Méndez, Fabián; Mendivil, Carlos O.; Menezes, Ana Maria B.; Menon, Geetha R.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Meshram, Indrapal I.; Meto, Diane T.; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Miłkowska, Karolina; Miller, Jody C.; Milushkina, Olga; Minderico, Cláudia S.; Mini, G.K.; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirkopoulou, Daphne; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Mišigoj-Duraković, Marjeta; Mistretta, Antonio; Mocanu, Veronica; Modesti, Pietro A.; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Mostafa K.; Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitry, Marie; Møllehave, Line T.; Møller, Niels C.; Molnár, Dénes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K.; Montenegro Mendoza, Roger A.; Monterrubio-Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Mopa, Hermine T.; Moradpour, Farhad; Moreira, Leila B.; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A.; Morey, Francis; Morgan, Karen; Morin, Suzanne N.; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Moschonis, George; Moslem, Alireza; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André; Movsesyan, Yeva; Msyamboza, Kelias P.; Mu, Thet Thet; Muc, Magdalena; Muca, Florian; Mugoša, Boban; Muiesan, Maria L.; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Münzel, Thomas; Mursu, Jaakko; Murtagh, Elaine M.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanović, Sanja Musić; Musil, Vera; Musinguzi, Geofrey; Muyer, Muel Telo M. C.; Nabipour, Iraj; Naderimagham, Shohreh; Nagel, Gabriele; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Nalecz, Hanna; Námešná, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K.; Nangia, Vinay B.; Nankap, Martin; Narake, Sameer; Nardone, Paola; Naseri, Take; Nauck, Matthias; Neal, William A.; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nekkantti, Chandini; Nelis, Keiu; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Nervi, Flavio; Ng, Tze Pin; Nguyen, Chung T.; Nguyen, Nguyen D.; Nguyen, Quang Ngoc; Ni, Michael Y.; Nicolescu, Rodica; Nie, Peng; Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E.; Nikitin, Yury P.; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishi, Nobuo; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A.; Nogueira, Helena; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Noto, Davide; Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia; Nsour, Mohannad Al; Nuhoğlu, Irfan; Nunes, Baltazar; Nurk, Eha; Nuwaha, Fred; Nyirenda, Moffat; O’Neill, Terence W.; O’Reilly, Dermot; Obreja, Galina; Ochimana, Caleb; Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M.; Oda, Eiji; Odili, Augustine N.; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohlsson, Claes; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olafsson, Örn; Olinto, Maria Teresa A.; Oliveira, Isabel O.; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Omar, Saeed M.; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Onland-Moret, N. Charlotte; Ono, Lariane M.; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Ana P.; Ortiz, Pedro J.; Osler, Merete; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A.; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Pagkalos, Ioannis; Pahomova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pająk, Andrzej; Palloni, Alberto; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Arvind; Panza, Francesco; Paoli, Mariela; Papadopoulou, Sousana K.; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Pareja, Rossina G.; Park, Soon-Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R.; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pascanu, Ionela M.; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D.; Pattussi, Marcos; Pavlyshyn, Halyna; Pechlaner, Raimund; Pećin, Ivan; Pednekar, Mangesh S.; Pedro, João M.; Peer, Nasheeta; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Peres, Marco A.; Pérez, Cynthia M.; Peterkova, Valentina; Peters, Annette; Petersmann, Astrid; Petkeviciene, Janina; Petrauskiene, Ausra; Kovtun, Olga Petrovna; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Peykari, Niloofar; Pfeiffer, Norbert; Phall, Modou Cheyassin; Pham, Son Thai; Pichardo, Rafael N.; Pierannunzio, Daniela; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pistelli, Francesco; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Pizarro, Andreia N.; Plans-Rubió, Pedro; Platonova, Alina G.; Poh, Bee Koon; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Polka, Nadija S.; Pop, Raluca M.; Popovic, Stevo R.; Porta, Miquel; Posch, Georg; Poudyal, Anil; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Pouraram, Hamed; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Price, Alison J.; Price, Jacqueline F.; Prista, Antonio; Providencia, Rui; Puder, Jardena J.; Pudule, Iveta; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Qadir, Muhammed S.; Qasrawi, Radwan F.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Quintana, Hedley K.; Quiroga-Padilla, Pedro J.; Bao, Tran Quoc; Rach, Stefan; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahimikazerooni, Salar; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Raj, Manu; Rajabov, Tamerlan; Rakhmatulloev, Sherali; Rakovac, Ivo; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ramadan, Otim P. C.; Ramires, Virgílio V.; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Elisabete; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Lekhraj; Rampal, Sanjay; Rangelova, Lalka S.; Rarra, Vayia; Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A.; Rech, Cassiano Ricardo; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.; Regecová, Valéria; Renner, Jane D. P.; Repasy, Judit A.; Reuter, Cézane P.; Revilla, Luis; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Rho, Yeunsook; Ribas-Barba, Lourdes; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Riboli, Elio; Richter, Adrian; Rigo, Fernando; Rigotti, Attilio; Rinaldo, Natascia; Rinke de Wit, Tobias F.; Rito, Ana I.; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.; Rivera, Juan A.; Roa, Reina G.; Robinson, Louise; Robitaille, Cynthia; Roccaldo, Romana; Rodrigues, Daniela; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando; del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María; Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A.; Rodríguez, Andrea Y.; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rohloff, Peter; Rohner, Fabian; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L.; Rosario, Rafaela V.; Rosengren, Annika; Rouse, Ian; Rouzier, Vanessa; Roy, Joel G. R.; Ruano, Maira H.; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Rühli, Frank J.; Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Ruiz-Castell, Maria; Moreno, Emma Ruiz; Rusakova, Iuliia A.; Jonsson, Kenisha Russell; Russo, Paola; Rust, Petra; Rutkowski, Marcin; Saamel, Marge; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sabbaghi, Hamideh; Sacchini, Elena; Sachdev, Harshpal S.; Sadjadi, Alireza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Saghi, Mohammad Hossien; Saidi, Olfa; Saki, Nader; Šalaj, Sanja; Salanave, Benoit; Martinez, Eduardo Salazar; Saleva, Calogero; Salmerón, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T.; Salvetti, Massimo; Samoutian, Margarita; Sánchez-Abanto, Jose; Rodríguez, Inés Sánchez; Sandjaja, NN; Sans, Susana; Marina, Loreto Santa; Santacruz, Ethel; Santos, Diana A.; Santos, Ina S.; Santos, Lèlita C.; Santos, Maria Paula; Santos, Osvaldo; Santos, Rute; Santos, Tamara R.; Saramies, Jouko L.; Sardinha, Luis B.; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas; Savy, Mathilde; Sawada, Norie; Sbaraini, Mariana; Scazufca, Marcia; Schaan, Beatriz D.; Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath; Schargrodsky, Herman; Schienkiewitz, Anja; Schindler, Karin; Schipf, Sabine; Schmidt, Carsten O.; Schmidt, Ida Maria; Schneider, Andrea; Schnohr, Peter; Schöttker, Ben; Schramm, Sara; Schramm, Stine; Schröder, Helmut; Schultsz, Constance; Schulze, Matthias B.; Schutte, Aletta E.; Sebert, Sylvain; Sedaghattalab, Moslem; Selamat, Rusidah; Sember, Vedrana; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sequera, Guillermo; Serra-Majem, Luis; Servais, Jennifer; Ševčíková, Ľudmila; Shalnova, Svetlana; Shamah-Levy, Teresa; Shamshirgaran, Seyed Morteza; Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam; Sharafkhah, Maryam; Sharma, Sanjib K.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Shayanrad, Amaneh; Shayesteh, Ali Akbar; Shengelia, Lela; Shi, Zumin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana; Shimony, Tal; Shiri, Rahman; Shrestha, Namuna; Si-Ramlee, Khairil; Siani, Alfonso; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M.; Sidossis, Labros S.; Silitrari, Natalia; Silva, Antonio M.; de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Silva, Kelly S.; Sim, Xueling; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A.; Sjöberg, Agneta; Sjöström, Michael; Skoblina, Natalia A.; Skodje, Gry Irene; Slazhnyova, Tatyana; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemysław; Smeeth, Liam; So, Hung-Kwan; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Sobek, Grzegorz; Sobngwi, Eugène; Sodemann, Morten; Söderberg, Stefan; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E.; Soemantri, Agustinus; Sofat, Reecha; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Soofi, Sajid; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen; Jérome, Charles Sossa; Soto-Rojas, Victoria E.; Soumaré, Aïcha; Sousa-Poza, Alfonso; Sovic, Slavica; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Sparrenberger, Karen; Spencer, Phoebe R.; Spinelli, Angela; Spiroski, Igor; Staessen, Jan A.; Stamm, Hanspeter; Staub, Kaspar; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D.; Stergiou, George S.; Stessman, Jochanan; Stevanović, Ranko; Stieber, Jutta; Stöckl, Doris; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stoyanova, Ekaterina; Stratton, Gareth; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sturua, Lela; Suárez-Medina, Ramón; Suka, Machi; Sun, Chien-An; Sun, Liang; Sundström, Johan; Sung, Yn-Tz; Sunyer, Jordi; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Sweis, Nabil William G.; Swinburn, Boyd A.; Sy, Rody G.; Sylva, René Charles; Szklo, Moyses; Szponar, Lucjan; Tabone, Lorraine; Tai, E. Shyong; Tambalis, Konstantinos D.; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tan, Eng Joo; Tang, Xun; Tanrygulyyeva, Maya; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarp, Jakob; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.; Braunerová, Radka Taxová; Taylor, Anne; Taylor, Julie; Tchibindat, Félicité; te Velde, Saskia J.; Tebar, William R.; Tell, Grethe S.; Tello, Tania; Tham, Yih Chung; Thankappan, K.R.; Theobald, Holger; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Thomas, Nihal; Thorand, Barbara; Thuesen, Betina H.; Tichá, Ľubica; Timmermans, Erik J.; Tjandrarini, Dwi H.; Tjonneland, Anne; Tolonen, Hanna K.; Tolstrup, Janne S.; Topbas, Murat; Topór-Mądry, Roman; Torheim, Liv Elin; Tormo, María José; Tornaritis, Michael J.; Torrent, Maties; Torres-Collado, Laura; Toselli, Stefania; Touloumi, Giota; Traissac, Pierre; Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh; Tremblay, Mark S.; Triantafyllou, Areti; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trinh, Oanh T. H.; Trivedi, Atul; Tsao, Yu-Hsiang; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tsigga, Maria; Tsintavis, Panagiotis; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Tuitele, John; Tuliakova, Azaliia M.; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.; Tullu, Fikru; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L.; Twig, Gilad; Tynelius, Per; Tzala, Evangelia; Tzotzas, Themistoklis; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ukoli, Flora A. M.; Ulmer, Hanno; Unal, Belgin; Usupova, Zhamyila; Uusitalo, Hannu M. T.; Uysal, Nalan; Vaitkeviciute, Justina; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Vale, Susana; Valvi, Damaskini; van Dam, Rob M.; van den Born, Bert-Jan; Van der Heyden, Johan; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Van Herck, Koen; Van Lippevelde, Wendy; Van Minh, Hoang; Van Schoor, Natasja M.; van Valkengoed, Irene G. M.; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Varbo, Anette; Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio; Vargas, Luz Nayibe; Varona-Pérez, Patricia; Vasan, Senthil K.; Vasques, Daniel G.; Vega, Tomas; Veidebaum, Toomas; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Velika, Biruta; Verloigne, Maïté; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, W. M. Monique; Victora, Cesar G.; Viegi, Giovanni; Viet, Lucie; Vik, Frøydis Nordgård; Vilar, Monica; Villalpando, Salvador; Vioque, Jesus; Virtanen, Jyrki K.; Visvikis-Siest, Sophie; Viswanathan, Bharathi; Vladulescu, Mihaela; Vlasoff, Tiina; Vocanec, Dorja; Vollenweider, Peter; Völzke, Henry; Voutilainen, Ari; Vrijheid, Martine; Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M.; Wade, Alisha N.; Waldhör, Thomas; Walton, Janette; Wambiya, Elvis O. A.; Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan; Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan; de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo; Wang, Ming-Dong; Wang, Ningli; Wang, Qian; Wang, Xiangjun; Wang, Ya Xing; Wang, Ying-Wei; Wannamethee, S. Goya; Wareham, Nicholas; Weber, Adelheid; Webster-Kerr, Karen; Wedderkopp, Niels; Weghuber, Daniel; Wei, Wenbin; Weres, Aneta; Werner, Bo; Westbury, Leo D.; Whincup, Peter H.; Wickramasinghe, Kremlin; Widhalm, Kurt; Widyahening, Indah S.; Więcek, Andrzej; Wild, Philipp S.; Wilks, Rainford J.; Willeit, Johann; Willeit, Peter; Williams, Julianne; Wilsgaard, Tom; Wojciech, Rusek; Wojtyniak, Bogdan; Wolf, Kathrin; Wong-McClure, Roy A.; Wong, Andrew; Wong, Emily B.; Wong, Jyh Eiin; Wong, Tien Yin; Woo, Jean; Woodward, Mark; Wu, Frederick C.; Wu, Hon-Yen; Wu, Jianfeng; Wu, Li Juan; Wu, Shouling; Wyszyńska, Justyna; Xu, Haiquan; Xu, Liang; Yaacob, Nor Azwany; Yamborisut, Uruwan; Yan, Weili; Yang, Ling; Yang, Xiaoguang; Yang, Yang; Yardim, Nazan; Yasuharu, Tabara; García, Martha Yépez; Yiallouros, Panayiotis K.; Yngve, Agneta; Yoosefi, Moein; Yoshihara, Akihiro; You, Qi Sheng; You, San-Lin; Younger-Coleman, Novie O.; Yu, Yu-Ling; Yu, Yunjiang; Yusof, Safiah Md; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Zaccagni, Luciana; Zafiropulos, Vassilis; Zainuddin, Ahmad A.; Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul; Zamani, Farhad; Zambon, Sabina; Zampelas, Antonis; Zamrazilová, Hana; Zapata, Maria Elisa; Zargar, Abdul Hamid; Zaw, Ko Ko; Zayed, Ayman A.; Zdrojewski, Tomasz; Żegleń, Magdalena; Zejglicova, Kristyna; Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic; Zeng, Yi; Zhang, Luxia; Zhang, Zhen-Yu; Zhao, Dong; Zhao, Ming-Hui; Zhao, Wenhua; Zhecheva, Yanitsa V.; Zhen, Shiqi; Zheng, Wei; Zheng, Yingfeng; Zholdin, Bekbolat; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Dan; Zins, Marie; Zitt, Emanuel; Zocalo, Yanina; Zoghlami, Nada; Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga; Zuziak, Monika; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Black, Robert E.; Ezzati, Majid (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million ...
    • Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight 

      Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia; Zhou, Bin; Bennett, James E.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Bixby, Honor; Solomon, Bethlehem D.; Taddei, Cristina; Danaei, Goodarz; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Savin, Stefan; Cowan, Melanie J.; Bovet, Pascal; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Hayes, Alison J; Ikeda, Nayu; Jackson, Rod T.; Khang, Young-Ho; Laxmaiah, Avula; Liu, Jing; Miranda, J. Jaime; Saidi, Olfa; Sebert, Sylvain; Sorić, Maroje; Starc, Gregor; Gregg, Edward W.; Abarca-Gómez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Rahim, Hanan Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Hassan, Soheir; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund Alfred; Ariansen, Inger Kristine Holtermann; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius Bergsmark; Ekelund, Ulf; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grøholt, Else Karin; Haugsgjerd, Teresa Risan; Janszky, Imre; Kolle, Elin; Krokstad, Steinar; Madar, Ahmed Ali; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Meisfjord, Jørgen Rajan; Meyer, Haakon Eduard; Sen, Abhijit; Skodje, Gry Irene; Sørgjerd, Elin Pettersen; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Tarp, Jakob; Tell, Grethe S.; Torheim, Liv Elin; Wilsgaard, Tom (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated ...